If we want to change the value of the character in a string, we must define the loop variable as a reference type.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
string nickname = "josdem";
for(char &c: nickname){
c = toupper(c);
}
cout << nickname << endl;
}
Vector
A vector is a collection of objects, all which have the same type. Every object in the collection has an associated index, which gives access to that object. To use a vector, we must include the header.
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
int main(){
vector<int> integers = {1,2,3,4,5};
for(int i=6; i < 10; i++){
integers.push_back(i);
}
for(int i: integers){
cout << i << endl;
}
}
Vector operations
vector.empty();vector.size();vector.push_back(t)vector[n];
Arrays
An array is a data structure that is similar to the vector, but it has a fixed size; so it offer a better run time performance.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int integers[10] = {0,1,2,3,4};
for(int i=5; i < 10; i++){
integers[i] = i;
}
for(int i: integers){
cout << i << endl;
}
}
WARNING We cannot initialize an array as a copy of anorher array.
You can define multidimensional arrays int matrix[3][4] this is an array of size 3; each element is an array of ints of size 4